Friezes and cycles

Ornaments of both facades of buildings and their interiors played a special part in the Art Nouveau architecture. Friezes, which fulfilled not only aesthetic functions, but they also  conveyed a message, just as in case of Jacek Malczewski's work ordered for the Cracovian Palace of Fine Arts, constitute the most impressive elements. The history of an artist who grew up together with a young Pegasus, which similarly to the artist spreads its wings when it is successful, is depicted here from the time of the artist's childhood. Not everyone is destined to succeed, therefore the history of the artist broken by adversities is shown here.

Building ornaments were often related to their functions. Hence, friezes concerning physical fitness referring to the ancient Olympic Games depicting goddess Demeter, the only woman entitled to participate in the Olympic Games, with an olive wreath meant for participants of the long jump with dumb-bells, as well as a scene with wrestlers and a discus thrower or equestrian contest participants, were depicted on the edifice of the Cracovian 'Sokół building'. However, friezes with geometric or floral ornaments with mascarons or animals woven in them, were made most frequently.

Apart from friezes reliefs with scenes, among which one may find an illustration for Aesop's fable about a fox and a stork, tales with a boy playing the pipe or children among burdock leaves with a hare, were placed on buildings in the Art Nouveau period. Scenes with sea monsters, mermaids, and fish constituted the decorative element of the former city baths inWrocław. Decor of theWrocławmarket hall, presenting a scene with a stallholder under an umbrella against a background of the city development, is an interesting example. Sometimes actions connected with building a house or printing works were illustrated.

Ornaments were generally relief or covered with glazed coloured brick, particularly often used in Silesia. Mosaics on the Venetian pattern, just as in case of Łódź Juliusz Kindermann's palace, may be classified as unique examples. Painting ornaments were mostly placed in entrance halls and staircases, rarely outside a building. Buildings were often decorated with full-size sculptures forming a story, just as in case of the Silesian Theatre in Katowice, where sculptures illustrating The Ring of the Nibelungs were placed.

Very well preserved ornaments of the bottom area of a stair flight in aToruństaircase, where depictions of various buildings, including palaces, villas or a windmill are placed along its entire length among geometric ornaments in the Viennese secession style, constitute an interesting example of painting cycles. In addition, genre scenes were located in entrance halls. Genre scenes in aBydgoszcztenement house, made by Brunon Gęstwicki, presenting figures of women, men, as well as roe deer and swans against a rustic landscape background are one example. However, many such ornaments were painted over and only from time to time news about discovering an interesting decor of residential houses by conservators is spread.

Smaller decorative elements in the form of particularly popular female heads, mascarons, zoomorphic and floral details shall be placed in the following parts. This final part of this chapter is a depiction of natural phenomena, being the day times allegory, namely the Sun, which used to serve as a background for the nature image and gave it the power to grow, and the Moon, accompanied by owls, the symbol of the night time.